Glossary

Accepted Standard (ref. Policy Rules and Labelling Document)

The acceptance of standards will serve as preliminary proof of meeting Gaia-X criteria when defining Gaia-X Labelling Criteria (as outlined in the Policy Rules and Labelling Document).

Access Control

Resource owners specify attribute values that a subject must provide to be granted access to the resource, while access control enforces limitations on resource access through endpoint-based policies.

Access Point Name

In order to browse the Internet on the go, you need to define the access point, which varies depending on the mobile network operator. It is necessary to adjust the APN settings in the connection software according to the mobile network used.

Accreditation

Accreditation refers to the confirmation provided by an external organization that a Conformity Assessment Body has the necessary skills and expertise to perform particular Conformity Assessment activities. This certification serves as formal proof of the body's competence in carrying out these tasks.

Ad targeting

Targeted marketing refers to a type of marketing, encompassing internet marketing, which aims to reach a specific audience exhibiting particular characteristics, depending on the product or individual being advertised.

Adaptability

This term refers to the ability of a system to perform a specific task, which may be a production step or operation. The term "adaptability" describes the different ways in which a system can be modified or adjusted to perform a task. There are three main types of adaptability: Reconfiguration: This involves activating a known production module or switching to a different tool to execute a task that has been executed before. In modular production systems, this may involve integrating a temporarily deactivated module or enabling plug and play capabilities. Adaptation: This refers to the ability of a system to perform a task that it has not performed before, but has the physical capability to do so. A solution must be found, often through a problem-solving or learning algorithm, that enables the system to execute the task. Adaptation with system extension: If the system does not have the physical capabilities to perform a task or lacks sufficient capability, an extension of the system may be necessary. This may involve adding a new module or enabling new capabilities through new tooling. It is important to distinguish between the different types of adaptation capabilities, as the scope of the adaptations and the tools required to achieve them vary widely.

Administration shell

The administration shell provides physical and non-physical economic goods (assets) with a standardized, multi-vendor, interoperable digital twin. The uniform format and semantics of the administration shell allow the digital twin to be used across different company boundaries and follow the asset throughout its entire life cycle.

Advanced Analytics

Sophisticated techniques and tools are utilized in advanced analytics, which involve the independent or semi-independent analysis of data or content, exceeding the realm of conventional business intelligence (BI) and enabling the discovery of profound insights, prediction, or suggestion generation. Advanced analytic methodologies encompass data/text mining, machine learning, pattern matching, forecasting, visualization, semantic analysis, sentiment analysis, network and cluster analysis, multivariate statistics, graph analysis, simulation, complex event processing, and neural networks.

Affective Computing

A computing device equipped with the ability to detect and suitably respond to user emotions and other stimuli is what we refer to as affective computing. This capacity enables the device to gather emotional cues from various sources such as facial expressions, posture, gestures, speech, keystrokes force or rhythm, and even temperature changes of the user's hand on the mouse. All of these cues can signify changes in the user's emotional state, which can then be detected and interpreted by the computer. To accomplish this, a built-in camera captures images of the user, and algorithms are used to process the data into meaningful information. Besides, affective computing applications are exploring technologies such as speech recognition and gesture recognition.

Ambient Assisted Living

A generic term for technical aids that help older people lead healthy and self-determined lives. This includes ideas, goods and services that combine innovative technologies with social aspects and aim to enhance the quality of life of seniors.

Analytical Databases DWH

A database optimized for supporting business intelligence (BI) and analytical applications, usually incorporated in a data warehouse or data mart, is known as an analytic database. An analytic database, also referred to as an analytical database, is a system that is solely for read-only purposes, housing past data on various business metrics like inventory levels and sales performance. It enables business analysts, executives, and other employees to execute queries and generate reports. This database is routinely updated with the most recent transactional data from an organization's operational systems.

Analytics as A Service

AaaS is the delivery of analytical tools and services using web-based technologies, which enables companies to avoid investing in internal hardware infrastructure for their analytics needs.

Anonymization

The process of obfuscating data involves eliminating the traces or digital footprints that could reveal the source of the information to an unauthorized user. Whenever data is transmitted through a network, it leaves behind an electronic trace that can be followed by forensic analysts to identify the sender.

Apache Hadoop

The Apache Hadoop initiative creates open-source programs for dependable, extensible, decentralized computation. The Apache Hadoop software framework offers the ability to process large datasets across computer clusters through basic programming models. Its design enables it to expand from individual servers to thousands of machines that provide local computation and storage. Instead of depending on hardware for reliability, the framework detects and manages failures at the application level, delivering a highly available service on a computer cluster, each of which may be vulnerable to crashes.

API Management

API management refers to the secure and scalable publication, promotion, and oversight of application programming interfaces (APIs). This encompasses the development of resources to support end-users, which serve to define and document the API.

App Store

A reliable system for disseminating Data Applications with a variety of search capabilities, such as filtering by functional or non-functional attributes, pricing model, certification status, community evaluations, and more.

Applicant

An organization submitting a formal application for certification to the Certification Body.

Application portability

The process involves moving executable code developed by customers or third parties from one public or private cloud service to another.

Architecture of Standards 

The Architecture of Standards (AoS) document establishes a goal for Gaia-X by reviewing and consolidating existing standards related to data, sovereignty, and infrastructure components, while also clarifying which standards are endorsed and supported by Gaia-X.

Architecture Principle 

The Architecture Principles establish the fundamental guidelines governing the use and deployment of all IT resources and assets within the Gaia-X initiative. They are the result of a consensus among the various entities involved in the initiative and provide a framework for making future IT-related decisions.

Artificial intelligence

Artificial Intelligence is a domain of computer science focused on exhibiting intelligent behavior in machines, particularly on computers. Machine learning, knowledge-based systems, and robotics are all subcategories of artificial intelligence.

Artificial neural network

Artificial neural networks are statistical models that take inspiration from the workings of biological brains. They are made up of interconnected nodes arranged in multiple layers, with each node containing a function and each connection between nodes carrying a weight to be optimized using deep learning algorithms. The input that reaches a node's function via each connection is adjusted based on its weight.

Asset

This refers to an element that is used to construct the Service Offering, but does not have an exposed endpoint.

Asset Owner

A natural or legal person who is in lawful possession of an Asset and has the responsibility to establish policy rules for the Asset.

Auditing

There is a structured, independent and written procedure for neutral evaluation of whether specific properties are present and specified requirements (for example, for procedures or processes) are met.

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality (AR) is a type of Mixed Reality (MR) that combines the perceived and computer-generated reality, similar to Augmented Virtuality (AV). Unlike Virtual Reality (VR), where the focus is on creating a completely virtual environment, Augmented Reality aims to provide users with additional information that has a direct connection to their real-world experiences.

Authentification Authorization Accounting

A plan exists that includes confirming identity (authentication), establishing access (authorization), and recording usage for the purpose of billing or verification (accounting).

Authorization

To authenticate if a requester has permission to use a resource or system.

Availability

Uptime of the platform defines the amount of time the service is available and operational, expressed as a percentage over a single month.

Average Revenue Per User

One business indicator that is of international importance, particularly in the telecommunications industry, relates to average revenue per user.